Abstract
This paper evaluates the legal framework governing the Blue Economy in the Indo-Pacific, with a particular focus on two shortlisted maritime states, Türkiye and Indonesia. The trend of developing an economy based on the ocean has been on an accelerated basis globally. As a result, the demand for legal systems that provide coherent frameworks for ecologically sustainable development will grow. A comparative legal-institutional methodology incorporating doctrinal analysis and the empirical evaluation of legislation and policies is utilized in this article to assess how international legal instruments, namely UNCLOS, CBD, SDG 14, and the BBNJ Agreement, are translated into domestic law; the factors influencing this process include the existence of codified marine spatial planning and gaps in implementation and legal fragmentation in Indonesia compared to Türkiye's lack of an overarching Blue Economy legal framework. Türkiye relies on a fragmented legal regime, a multitude of sectoral pieces of legislation, and limited public participation in the development and implementation of laws and policies. The paper identifies significant legal differences relating to marine spatial planning, fisheries management, offshore energy development, and environmental protection measures. The author offers recommendations for linking the domestic marine law to the international marine legal framework for sustainable Blue Economies.
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