1. Purpose

The declaration of research funding is a fundamental component of transparency and accountability in scholarly publishing. Funding disclosure enables editors, reviewers, readers, research institutions, and funding agencies to understand how research activities and publication outputs were supported financially. It also contributes to the identification of potential conflicts of interest and promotes trust in the integrity of the published research.

All authors are required to disclose any financial support received for the conduct of the research, preparation of the manuscript, and/or publication of the article.

2. Objectives of Funding Disclosure

Funding disclosure serves several important purposes:

2.1 For Readers

Enhances transparency regarding the financial support underlying the research.
Assists readers in identifying potential conflicts of interest associated with funding sources.
Provides information on the use of public, governmental, institutional, charitable, or private funds supporting the research.

2.2 For Funding Organizations

Facilitates monitoring and evaluation of research outputs generated through funded projects.
Ensures accurate attribution of funding sources to research outcomes.
Demonstrates responsible stewardship and accountability in the use of research funds.
Supports legal and reporting obligations of funding agencies, particularly governmental organizations.
Helps prevent misrepresentation, omission, or inappropriate attribution of funding support.

2.3 For Researchers and Grantees

Provides formal acknowledgment and recognition of financial support received.
Demonstrates compliance with funding agency requirements.
Supports future funding applications by documenting research outputs resulting from sponsored projects.
Promotes transparency regarding the use of awarded grants and research resources.

3. Funding Disclosure Requirements

Authors must provide a complete and accurate funding statement for all submitted manuscripts. At a minimum, the funding disclosure should include:

Full name of the funding organization(s).
Grant, contract, award, or project number(s), where applicable.
Identification of the author(s) supported by the funding.
A brief description of how the funding contributed to the research or publication.
Any specific acknowledgment language required by the funding agency.

Where applicable, authors should also provide persistent identifiers for funding organizations, such as Research Organization Registry (ROR) identifiers, to facilitate metadata indexing and research tracking.

4. No Funding Declaration

If the research did not receive any specific grant or financial support from public, commercial, institutional, or non-profit funding agencies, authors must include the following statement:

“No funding was received for this research.”

Alternatively:

“The authors declare that no specific funding was received for the conduct of this study, preparation of the manuscript, or publication of this work.”

5. Role of the Funding Source

Authors should clearly state the extent of involvement of the funding organization in the research and publication process. Where appropriate, the following aspects should be addressed:

Study conception and design.
Data collection.
Data analysis and interpretation.
Manuscript preparation.
Decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

If the funding organization had no involvement in these activities, authors are encouraged to state:

“The funding agency had no role in the design of the study; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the manuscript; or the decision to submit the article for publication.”

6. Compliance with Funder Requirements

Authors are responsible for ensuring that funding acknowledgments comply with the specific requirements of their funding agencies. Any mandatory wording prescribed by a funder must be included in the manuscript.

For example:

“This material is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, a major facility sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. 1852977.”

Additional funding sources should be acknowledged separately and clearly identified.

7. Examples of Funding Statements

Example A: Research Grant

Funding: This research was supported by the [Funding Agency Name] under Grant No. [Grant Number]. The grant supported data collection, laboratory analyses, and research personnel involved in this study.

Example B: Individual Fellowship or Training Grant

Funding: Author A received support through the [Name of Fellowship/Training Grant], Grant No. [Grant Number]. Activities funded under this award contributed to the research presented in this article.

Example C: Institutional Support

Funding: Participant recruitment and data management activities were supported by the [University Name] Research Support Grant.

Example D: Multiple Funding Sources

Funding: This work was supported by the [Funding Agency 1] under Grant No. [XXXXXX] and by the [Funding Agency 2] under Award No. [XXXXXX]. Computing resources were provided by [Institution Name]. The funding organizations had no role in study design, data analysis, manuscript preparation, or publication decisions.

Example E: No Funding

Funding: No funding was received for this research.

8. Accuracy and Ethical Responsibility

Authors must ensure that all funding information is complete, accurate, and verifiable. Misrepresentation, omission, or inappropriate attribution of funding sources constitutes a breach of publication ethics and may result in manuscript rejection, publication correction, or other editorial actions.

The corresponding author bears primary responsibility for confirming the accuracy of funding disclosures on behalf of all co-authors.

9. Relationship to Conflict of Interest Declarations

A funding disclosure statement does not replace a Conflict of Interest declaration. Authors must separately disclose any financial, personal, institutional, or professional relationships that could be perceived as influencing the research or its interpretation.

Funding disclosures and conflict of interest statements should be considered complementary mechanisms that promote transparency and integrity in scholarly communication.

10. A. Funding Disclosure Statement

The authors declare that no specific funding was received for the conduct of this research, the preparation of this manuscript, or the publication of its findings. The study was carried out independently, and no external financial support was provided by any governmental, commercial, non-profit, or private funding agency.

All authors contributed to the research and manuscript preparation without financial compensation from any funding organization related to this work. The authors further confirm that no funding source had any role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of findings, manuscript preparation, decision to publish, or submission of the manuscript for publication.

Accordingly, the authors disclose that there are no financial relationships or funding-related conflicts of interest associated with this research.

10. B. Funding Disclosure Statement

This research was supported by [Name of Funding Agency] under [Grant Type and Grant Number/Identifier]. Funding was awarded to [Author Name(s)] and was used to support [e.g., research activities, data collection, laboratory analyses, fieldwork, personnel costs, or manuscript preparation].

The funding agency had no role in the design of the study, the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, the writing of the manuscript, or the decision to submit the article for publication. The views and conclusions expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the funding organization.

The authors declare that the funding received did not create any conflict of interest related to the conduct or reporting of this research.